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An Engineering Manual of Practice for Nature-Based Solutions

2 Foundations of Project Planning

Author1, Author2, and Author3

ALL CONTENT IN THIS REPORT IS PRELIMINARY AND DRAFT. DO NOT REFERENCE FOR ANY PURPOSE.

Key topics:

  • Existing guidelines and standards (global, national, and regional). See Appendix.
  • Principles of engineering design of NBS. See King et al. (2021).
  • Building systems context: physical, ecological, social. Designing at local and systems scales (de Vries et al. 2021, Hall and van Rees 2026).
  • Design maturity.
  • Design objectives: primary vs. secondary outcomes, performance goals and risk tolerance.
  • Life cycle targets for design life and levels of services.

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2.2 Potential References

Cohen-Shacham, E., Andrade, A., Dalton, J., Dudley, N., Jones, M., Kumar, C., Maginnis, S., Maynard, S., Nelson, C.R., Renaud, F.G. and Welling, R., 2019. Core principles for successfully implementing and upscaling Nature-based Solutions. Environmental Science & Policy, 98, pp.20-29.

Hall, D.M. and van Rees, C.B., 2026. Implementing nature-based solutions requires distinguishing place from space. Ambio, pp.1-18.

Nesshöver, C., Assmuth, T., Irvine, K.N., Rusch, G.M., Waylen, K.A., Delbaere, B., Haase, D., Jones-Walters, L., Keune, H., Kovacs, E. and Krauze, K., 2017. The science, policy and practice of nature-based solutions: An interdisciplinary perspective. Science of the total environment, 579, pp.1215-1227.

de Vries J., Reed D., McKay S.K., Bouma T., Cunniff S.E., Grasmeijer B., Mason P., Nicholson A., Quinn P., and Smith J.M. 2021. Planning and Implementing NNBF Using a Systems Approach. Chapter 4 in International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Edited by T. S. Bridges, J. K. King, J. D. Simm, M. W. Beck, G. Collins, Q. Lodder, and R. K. Mohan. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center.